A comparative observatory of how each member state — and Moldova — enfranchises its citizens living abroad, and how that diaspora actually votes where results are published. Countries holding an election inside the 2026–2030 monitoring window are highlighted, carrying the risk & narrative profile from the elections calendar.
| Country | Upcoming election | External | Embassy | Other | Postal | Internet | Proxy | Elections |
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The actual abroad vote — turnout & lean, per host country where published. Thirteen countries in three tiers of disclosure: seven EU states publish per-host-country results (Bulgaria with an Oct 2024 / Apr 2026 election toggle); Slovakia, Greece & Lithuania publish the abroad vote only as one aggregate, shown against the national result; Estonia, Finland & Sweden have no diaspora constituency at all — abroad ballots are counted in the voter's home district, so only participation is knowable. Romania & Moldova are covered separately as the reference cases. Election, method and party system differ per country — read the lean alongside the winner.
| Host country | Valid abroad votes | Winner | Winner % | Lean |
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